[The relationship of resilience with cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia].

Objective: To investigate the correlation between resilience and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Fifty-nine patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 86 healthy controls were enrolled. Patients with schizophrenia were enrolled from the psychiatric outpatient and inpatient Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from September 2017 to January 2020, while healthy controls were recruited through advertising. The levels of resilience and cognitive function were compared between the two groups.Meanwhile, the partial correlation analysis of resilience and cognitive function of the two groups was performed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in gender, marriage and age between the two groups (all P>0.05), and there were 39 males and 20 females with an average age of (23.8±7.4) years in the schizophrenia group, while 47 males and 39 females with an average age of (22.9±4.7) years in the healthy control group. However, there was a significant difference inyears of education between the two groups (P<0.05). The total score of resilience [(56.9±16.7) vs(68.0±14.4)] and scores ofthree factorsin patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than that in healthy controls(all P<0.05). The total score of MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB)[(23±12) vs (42±11)] and each subscale score in patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than that in healthy controls(all P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis showed that the total score of resilience and tenacity were correlated with symbol coding of schizophrenia(partial correlation coefficients were 0.286, 0.289, respectively, both P<0.05). The total score of resilience and the scores of tenacity, strength and optimism were all correlated with emotion management ability of schizophrenia(partial correlation coefficients were 0.334, 0.271, 0.382, 0.308, respectively, all P<0.05). In the healthy controls, the total score of resilience, tenacity and optimism were correlated with symbol coding(partial correlation coefficients were 0.268, 0.225, 0.291, respectively, all P<0.05). Strength and optimism were correlated with Hopkins verbal learning test (HVLT)(partial correlation coefficients were 0.268, 0.225, respectively, both P<0.05). Strength was correlated with spatial span, continuous performance test(partial correlation coefficients were 0.244, 0.217, respectively, bothP<0.05). The total scores of resilience and tenacity, strength and optimism were correlated with emotional management ability(partial correlation coefficients were 0.306, 0.230, 0.286, 0.289, respectively, all P<0.05), while the total scores of resilience, strength and optimism were correlated with the total score of MCCB(partial correlation coefficients were 0.291, 0.359, 0.287, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusion: The current study suggests that resilience and cognitive function of patients with first-episode schizophrenia areimpaired significantly. Resilience in patients with schizophrenia isrelated to partial neurocognitive function and emotion management ability in social cognitive function.

[Correlation of the peripheral serum complement protein levels and cognitive function in first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia].

Objective: To explore the role of peripheral serum complement protein in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment by analyzing the correlation between peripheral serum levels of complement protein and cognitive function in first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 66 first-episode drug-naive schizophrenics (schizophrenia group) from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and 88 healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled. Peripheral serum levels of complements (C3, C4 and CH50) were separately examined by liposome immunoassay and turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess the cognitive function. Results: Peripheral serum levels of C4, but not C3 and CH50, were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia [0.20(0.16, 0.25) g/L] than those in the control group [0.23 (0.19, 0.27) g/L] (P<0.05). Moreover the peripheral serum levels of C3, C4 and CH50 were positively correlated with MCCB verbal fluency (r=0.258, r=0.283 and r=0.330, all P<0.05), and the peripheral serum levels of CH50 were negatively correlated with attention and alertness (r=-0.257, P<0.05). Conclusion: The decrease of peripheral serum complement C4 protein levels may be involved in the mechamism of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Identification of genes involved in spontaneous leaf color variation in Pseudosasa japonica.

Spontaneous leaf color variation in bamboo provides the opportunity to study the mechanisms of leaf color formation and the breeding of ornamental bamboos. Despite the fact that many genes are known to be involved in leaf color variation in model plants, molecular mechanisms governing natural leaf color variation in bamboo have remained obscure. This study aimed to identify the genes responsible for the occurrence of such phenomena in bamboo using the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method between green and albino leaves in Pseudosasa japonica f. A total of 1062 and 1004 differentially expressed transcripts were obtained from the forward and reverse SSH libraries, respectively. Subsequently, 59 differentially expressed unigenes with potential roles in leaf color formation, predicted via computational analysis of their functional relevance, were selected for further analysis using qPCR. Ten genes, involved in photosynthesis, plastid development, and cation signal transduction, showed 2-fold changes in expression levels between green and albino leaves. Further expression pattern analyses of these genes at three developmental stages revealed much lower expression abundance of Lhca1-encoded chlorophyll a/b binding protein in the albino leaves than in the green leaves. Our results suggest that, together with the concatenated negative pressure for subsequent photosynthetic processes, the albino phenotype is at least partly attributable to chloroplast inner membrane damage or to the impairment of photosynthetic pigment accumulation, which results from low Lhca1 expression.

Efficient and fast optical phase conjugation by use of two-photon-induced gratings in the orientation of angular momentum.

Optical phase conjugation (OPC) is of interest for many applications. The generation of squeezed light, phase-conjugate mirrors, optical correlation, and turbulence correction would all benefit from improved OPC performance. Using Zeeman sublevels and cross-circularly polarized light in rubidium vapor, we demonstrate an OPC process that uses very low power (30 mW) but is still very fast (60 ns) and efficient (gain of 20). This process is generic enough to be applicable to almost any resonant medium.